Cluster headache case study pathophysioloy class

Cluster headache pathophysioloy class - Case Study Example Individuals who suffer from this type of headache experience recurrent severe, one-sided (unilateral) headache pain. These attacks occur at intervals with spontaneous remissions that stop the continuous progress of pain though a smaller percentage of individuals do not experience this interrupt. Cluster headaches are mostly incurable, but prevention can be put in place. Acute attacks can be treated through giving the patient plenty supply of oxygen or triptan which is fast acting. Verapamil uses a prevention mechanism has been widely acceptable and is commonly used as a prophylactic therapy. The use of verapamil sometimes calls for use of steroids before it starts to take effect (Friedman BW, 2009). Cluster headache proportionally affects a 0.2% of the general population with men being affected most. The ratio of men to women who suffer from cluster headache ranges from 2.5:1 to 3.5:1. P.T has a three years history of cluster headache, and he is 35 years of age. He has gone to a neurological clinic for follow-up and revealed that he experienced any headache for a period of one year until they started six weeks ago. He has been involved in a divorce and also lost her mother who succumbed to cancer recently. He shifted to a new job a few weeks ago. He states that his headaches starts from nowhere and reaches its highest level of pain within 10 minutes. An intense and extreme headache pain is experienced, and it is unilateral only affecting one side of the head typically above the eye. The pain runs from above the eye to the temple and reaches the left cheek. During a headache, the eye starts to water profusely and also a runny nose is on the go. The headaches have been episodic, lasting for approximately two and a half hours and occurring between 9am to 9pm daily during the last five days. Drugs such as ibuprofen nor acetaminophen have been ineffective in relieving pain during headaches. There are no photophobic instances associated

Community Policing Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Community Policing - Research Paper Example COP creates unity between communities and officers but is not practical in lower economies where citizens focus on working to attain sustainability. POP focuses on problems that may recur and has the limitation of requiring technical knowledge for proper implementation. Crimes such as home burglaries, substance abuse and prostitution have been eradicated using both POP and COP. POP and COP entail officers working with the community to prevent evil. However, POP focuses on problems and how they can be solved after careful scanning, analysis, and assessments. Everyone in the community is involved in problem solving when COP is under implementation. Police departments encounter such challenges as inadequate resources, conservatism and lack of technical knowledge in implementing POP and COP. Definition, description, strengths and weaknesses of COP According to Palmiotto (2011), community-oriented policing is a philosophy that combines traditional aspects of law enforcement with deterrenc e measures, problem resolution, community engagement and partnerships. It seeks to unite the police and the public thus facilitates the identification of criminal issues and solutions. In this arrangement, police officers discover determinants of crime and disorder consequently solving problems in their communities. The strengths are evident when officers design a network of personal contacts by foot, bike, or horse patrol in and out of their departments. This supports the crime prevention efforts and teaches residents how to help themselves by reporting crime in the neighborhood. Citizens engage in regular patrols and awareness programs to achieve the goals of prevention. Community-oriented policing has the following weaknesses. Indeed, low-income communities are not able to achieve because adults work multiple jobs at odd hours. It is also challenging neighbors to know and care about each other comfortably (Palmiotto, 2011). Definition, description, strengths and weaknesses of POP According to Goldstein (2011), POP is a policing strategy that includes classification and scrutiny of precise crime and disorder activities to design effective response strategies accompanied by ongoing assessment. Emphasis is on research to prevent the re-occurring of crimes and involvement of public and private groups that are qualified to solve problems. POP Scanning-identification of problems, Analysis-asking questions to understand the problem, Response-after careful analysis; designing a suitable response, Assessment evaluating the problem and establish a suitable solution. The strengths of POP incorporate gaining popularity among police administrators and city officials because it is practical, winning public favor which results to job securities for administrators and elected officials. There is also increased communication with the public who influence police activities. POP enables officers to link with public and private agencies to help communities. Weaknesses of POP a re conflicts that arise when officers feel subordinated and get afraid of losing their jobs since they feel that other professionals involved in policing might replace them in service delivery. Furthermore, controversies between priorities of the community and what officers feel is important to them. This is because people feel that it is not their duty to prevent crime. There is also lack of expert knowledge to employ technical mechanisms involved in

The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay Example for Free

The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay This play is based on the real events of the Salem witch hunt however is not completely accurate by reducing the amount of girls crying out and that Abigails age had been raised as she was just really eleven years old as with such other things. The plays base is still the same by showing that there were nineteen men and women convicted of witch craft that were hanged and how another man over eighty years old was pressed to death with heavy stones for not confessing whilst dozens stayed in jail for months without trials. This was all McCarthyism that was still around when The Crucible was written and was a witch hunt looking for evil which focused on Communists that they found everywhere. This was how Miller portrayed how primitive the American 1950s were by relating it to McCarthyism in the 1690s. The basic hysteria that swept through the witch hunt was also kept that looked as it could have been due to frontier war, economic conditions, personal jealousies and even teenage boredom that lead to mad accusations, trials and executions. These people were primitive in medicine and accused the devil of all illnesses or anything else that was an inconvenience. They were also puritans and older generations may have been bitter from having to move from other counties due to there rigid beliefs. All this happened between the spring and summer of 1692 in Salem, America due to congregational strife with plain back stabbing which caused life in fear. Miller portrayed John Proctors character as kind with strong opinions and principles. He also looked hard working and although he was deeply religious he chose not to go to church regularly because he thought the Minister was not suitable. John was definitely passionate in anything he believed in regardless of what others said or thought. Miller portrayed that Elizabeth Proctors character was cold, plain and was bored of life and that her entire life was a duty. I think she was also worried of what other people thought of her and her household life and even thought her husband was too good for her as she viewed herself as plain. I think Miller portrayed John and Elizabeths status in the village as well respected as they were hard working puritans and was what everyone else  viewed them as however they were regarded with suspicion from some people as they were known to be different as Johns view of the Minister was strong. Miller showed how John and Elizabeths marriage strain was due to Elizabeths suspicion of adultery with Abigail Williams so there was a great lack of trust and also the way that Elizabeth was ill and bed stricken for a period of time so was unable to look after the home and children so suspicion rose even more as she had no idea of what her husband was doing behind her back. The background of John and Elizabeths relationship was that they were married, had two children and a home with a farm to look after. Elizabeth lacked confidence in her relationship and viewed herself as plain and boring which led her to believe Johns adultery even more with the thought that he would go with a more attractive women, that gives the reason for why she cleared Abigail out of her home. Miller portrays that John and Elizabeths thoughts of each other were suspicious and unaffectionate however I think that they both wanted to change these thoughts around into there opposites. I think that John and Elizabeth are trying to save their marriage by staying together and by the way John stopped committing adultery and is ridden with guilt. I also think they would like to add more effort in their relationship to save it but both dont know what to do or how to express their feelings but are trying to be as nice as possible to each other however it doesnt always last. Miller also portrays the tension felt between the couple in act two by showing that Elizabeths physical actions and reactions are not emotional towards John in any way. This shows how Elizabeth is bitter towards John and doesnt want to go near him. John doesnt know what to do to reduce the tension so in a way keeps a certain physical distance whilst still ridden with guilt. An example of this is when John gets up from the table and kisses Elizabeth on the cheek who receives it however John then returns to the table with a certain disappointment. The reactions as shown are very  stiff and uncertain as well as the way John is trying to be emotional with Elizabeth but she is just acting the opposite. Miller also portrays tension in John and Elizabeths relationship by their speech in act two when John says pray now for a fair summer. This shows how hes trying to start a conversation but Elizabeth just replies with Aye, that is a straight clipped answer with no interest or emotion added. John then tries to add emotion and interest by asking if shes well but Elizabeth just replies with I am, Its rabbit. This shows how brisk and sharply shes trying to stop the conversation so she doesnt have to involve her personal feelings or emotions and clearly shows shes not interested and is not comfortable with the situation. All this shows their tension in their relationship is very deep and that John is trying to fix the tension but Elizabeth isnt interested with her clear sharp answers with no emotional attachment to a single word as well as her lack of feeling or emotion in her stiff physical movements and reactions. The meeting of John and Elizabeth in prison tells us that their relationship is getting closer and that they really love, care and respect each other. Their relationship has greatly developed since act two and have been brought closer together. I think that there is now an almost complete elimination of tension as being in prison has caused a lot more emotions which needed to be released that brought them closer together and where their able to have full meaningful conversations such as when Elizabeth says Giles is dead then John replies with When were he hanged? Elizabeth then replies with He were not hanged, he would not answer aye or nay to his indictment; for if he denied the charges theyd hang him surely, and auction out his property so he stayed mute, and died Christian under the law. And so his sons will have his farm. It is the law, for he could not be condemned a wizard without he answers the indictment, aye or nay This shows how Elizabeths now talking without tension and is having a deep and long conversation unlike act two, there is also now body language such as when John looks at Elizabeth Incredulously after she says Giles is dead. Their relationship has also improved by talking about their friends which they never had done before. I think that at that point John and Elizabeth really care and feel passionate about each other and are trying to give each other support by Elizabeth talking about what had happened to their friends as to give John a hint on what to do. John is also now relying on his wife for support and help by asking Elizabeth if he should confess and what Elizabeth thinks while she replies with I cannot judge you John John then asks a pure question. What will you have me do? Elizabeth then replies with As you will, I would have it. I want you living John, thats for sure. This is all a great transformation of emotions from act two. I think this scene helps us understand the deeper problems in their relationship by showing how theyve opened up in a crisis whereas in act two Elizabeth was jealous of the other woman and bitter so tried to show no emotion as if she didnt care and how John wanted to make it up with her, I think Elizabeth also thought she was plain and thought John would want to go with another woman, this indicates that these were the deeper problems in their relationship. Miller shows us that John and Elizabeths relationship has changed greatly by their speech and body language such as when John was meant to confess and refuses to tell a lie to keep his pride and respect. This was shown at the end of act four where Johns eyes were full of tears and says I can. And theres your first marvel, that I can. You have made your magic now, for now I do think I have a shred of goodness in John Proctor. Not enough to weave a banner with, but white enough to keep it from such dogs. Elizabeth then in a burst of terror, rushes to him and weeps against his hand. This is a great change from act two and the stage directions are changed to the highest emotion and grief possible by the way Elizabeth is going to lose the most important person in her life who has chosen to die for the faith of God and Elizabeth has no control or intention of stopping him. Miller shows that the tension between John and Elizabeth has been released by grief, passion and the highest amount of pressure with the thought of that they will never see each other on the Earth again but I also think that the  tension is released by everything being out in the open so everything was true so there was no lies inside John with the feeling of forgiveness from Elizabeth and that John was going to be released from the madness. The relationship has developed through the play from being unemotional, stiff with awkward speech and stage directions on act two, to opening up to each other and revealing there innermost feelings for each other by the end of act four by their speech and stage directions. During the course of this essay I have learnt that John and Elizabeths relationship was at first suspicious, untrustworthy and with a lot of jealousy and bitterness from Elizabeths side to johns side being ridden with guilt. However even with all these problems Miller portrayed how they both had a hidden greatness of love between them which they didnt know how to release until they were under pressure, however they made up for all theyd missed at the end which Im sure theyd have regretted all the problems progressed at the start of the play and wished theyd had the relationship at the start which they had at the end and lived and died with the thought that it was all due to Abigail Williams.

The Comedy of Hamlet Essay -- Character Analysis, Polonius,Gertrude, C

How does the use of comic relief best contrast the tragedy of Hamlet? In great works of literature a comic relief is used as contrast to a serious scene to intensify the overall tragic nature of the play or to relieve tension. As illustrated in Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet, intense scenes are joined with character’s banter and vacuous actions as to add a comic relief. In Hamlet, Polonius acts as a comic relief by his dull and windy personality, Hamlet uses his intelligence and his negativity toward the king and queen to create humor, while on the other hand Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are a comic relief by their senseless actions and naà ¯ve natures. Polonius, Hamlet, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are all used as a comic relief to increase the ultimate tragic nature of the play. Polonius is a comic relief because of his self-absorbed, dull personality. Polonius is over-eager and tries to give unwanted advice, during the play he is tactless and often rude. For instance, Polonius is a comic relief during his conversation with Gertrude and Claudius regarding Hamlet’s madness. Polonius rambling through his conversation contrasts with Gertrude’s seriousness of wanting to find out the reason to Hamlet’s madness. As Polonius begins to deliver to the king and queen the results of his investigation, he makes this statement, â€Å"My liege, and madam, to expostulate/ What majesty should be, what duty is,/ What day is day, night is night, and time is time,/ Were nothing but to waste night, day, and time;/ Therefore, since brevity is the soul of wit,/ And tediousness the limbs and outward flourishes,/ I will be brief. Your noble son is mad. . . .†(IIii,86-92) . Polonius’ speech is windy and nonsensical he wastes ti... ...d that he's been insulted for being stupid. Hamlet uses his intelligence and morbid sense of humor to portray the show how sad the play really is. In conclusion, a comic relief is used to relieve tension and to contrast serious scenes to increase the ultimate tragic nature of the play. Polonius uses his self absorbed dull personality to create humor in his scenes. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern act as the fool by their tactless actions and dialogue, their lightheartedness makes the tragic parts of the play seem all the more tragic. And finally Hamlet uses his morbid humor to intensify scenes of sorrow while he also bitterly teases others to relieve tensions at times. The comic relief in Shakespeare’s Hamlet contrasts intense scenes as to make them more intense. work Cited Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. Harold Jenkins. London: Methuen, 1982. Print.

Cause of Homelessness

Homelessness is a devastating experience for families. It disrupts virtually every aspect of family life, damaging the physical and emotional health of family members, interfering with children†s education and development, and frequently resulting in the separation of family members. The leading cause of homelessness is the inability of poor people to afford housing. Housing costs have risen significantly over the last decate, white the incomes of poor and middle-class have stagnated. In addition, who are unemployed or work in low-paying jobs are among the most vulnerable to becoming homeless. Homelessness and poverty are inextricably linked. Poor people are frequently unable to pay for housing, food, child care, health care, and education. Being poor means being an illness, an accident, or a paycheck away from living on the streets. Homelessness frequently breaks up families. Families may be separated as a result of shelter policies which deny access to older boys or fathers. Separations may also be caused by placement of children into foster care when their parents become homeless. In addition, parents may leave their children with relatives and friends in order to save them from the ordeal of homelessness or to permit them to continue attending their regular school. According to youth homelessness are family stress or breakdown, physical or emotional abuse, sexual assault, incest, poverty, schooling difficulties, institutionalisation, or mental illness, all cause youth homelessness. In these young people being depressed, angry, and emotional. They have low self-esteem, and drug and alcohol abuse is common. There are some strategies to control with youth homelessness or effective communication with them, the development of rapport and engagement with youth people on their level interest, the showing of respect including a respect for their choices The homeless people usually die in hospital and the dying homeless often appear to be dying alone. The dying person†s mind is filled with a myriad of emotions, encompassing shock, depression, anger, regret, sadness, and the ambivalence of acceptance and denial. Beside that, the homeless person†s death with no food, no clothing, no house, loss jobs, no money. So, how can to help homeless people to get out of poverty. They have to volunteer group to help homeless people with serve food, looking for the job, cloths. Finally, that homelessness is often the result of a complex set of circumstances which push people into force impossible choices between food, shelter, and other basic needs. Only a concerted effort to ensure jobs that pay a living wage, adequate benefits for those who cannot work, affordable housing, and access to health care will bring an end to homelessness.

Depression Among International Missionaries - 4937 Words

Running Head: DEPRESSION AMONG MISSIONARIES Depression Among International Missionaries Jonathan E. Sullivan Liberty University Abstract Missionaries have a unique calling accompanied by unique challenges over the course of their service. As these individuals and families face these challenges, depression can be an enemy that hinders and even stops the good work they perform. While most of the time a professional counselor can be seen in the United States to help with depression, a therapist may not be so readily available in remote parts of the world. This paper looks at the factors that may lead to depression for those on the mission field and some preventative measures that may be taken to avoid major depression. The well being†¦show more content†¦Still, Carey pressed on recognizing that â€Å"a price must be paid for their success†. However, the reality is that for the missionary today on the foreign field, when persecution, loneliness, despair, frustration, and temptation manifest themselves it can take its toll physically and psychologically. In Luke 14:28, the Lord instructs in the biblical tex t to count the cost of an endeavor before you undertake it. This not only should be done financially, but emotionally, physically, and psychologically as well. It is recognized that wherever God calls He will give that individual and family what they need holistically to accomplish the task at hand. At the same time, a call to serve is a call to prepare oneself for service and it should be recognized that there are always consequences to our decisions. This preparation time includes not only a seminary education and experience in ministry, but psychological stability is paramount for these missionaries. Many sending agencies have a thorough psychological screening process in place and some do not. Hall amp; Sweatman (2002) recognize that psychological assessment is only one piece of a larger assessment strategy for the missionary candidate. Along with the psychological issues to be tested are the assessment of doctrinal unity with the sending agency, a unity in the vision of the mis sion work, and proven leadership just to name a few areas. This same research by Hall amp; Sweatman (2002) also understood that theShow MoreRelated03.01 Isolationism, Intervention, and Imperialism: Assignment1371 Words   |  6 Pagesstating the United States would intervene in Latin America on behalf of foreign powers if Latin American nations did not meet their agreements Dollar diplomacy: foreign policy under William Howard Taft that used U.S. economic power to try to shape international affairs Natural resources: materials such as oil, natural gas, lumber, gold, copper, waterways, and fertile soil that are native to a given place and can be used for economic benefits Markets: places where manufactured goods can be bought andRead MoreNew Zealand : A New Way Of Life For The Maori People1211 Words   |  5 PagesEuropeans to continue further voyages to the beautiful island. Upon the Europeans reoccurring travels, they introduced New Zealand to the potato and firearms depicting a new way of life for the Maori people. 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Essay on Markstrat Marketing Plan - 1179 Words

1.0 Executive Summary Company U’s primary focus is creating products that create value and fill a need in growing markets – it currently has three products. SUSI is the lower quality offering which focuses on weight and volume, marketed towards Singles and Others who are the most price-sensitive and are projected to have the highest growth rates over the next five years. SULI is the high quality electronic offering, distributed primarily to Professionals and High Earners who are driven by performance and convenience. VUGO is a product that was created for the Followers segment of the Vodite market which is projected to have the largest growth over the next five years at over 3300%. Followers require a high performing product, but at an†¦show more content†¦2.1 Market Summary The Markstrat world has a population of 250 million people. Through Year 4, the Sonite market consisted of 1.67 million people with an expected growth rate of 53% over the next five years. In order to meet the needs of consumers in the larger growing segments, Company U has developed two products in the Sonite market: SUSI and SULI. SUSI is the lower quality offering, marketed towards Singles and Others who are the most price-sensitive. Others and Singles are projected to have the highest growth rates over the next five years, at 98% and 86% respectively. This is Company U’s target market for SUSI and sales are forecasted to almost double in each segment through Year 10 (Table 1 and Chart 1). SULI is the high quality electronic offering, distributed primarily to Professionals and High Earners who are driven by performance and convenience. Market Share for both Professionals and another market segment, Buffs, are expected to decline through Year 10. The Vodite market c urrently consists of approximately 200,000 people with an expected growth of 200% through Year 10. The Followers segment of the Vodite market is projected to have the largest growth over the next five years at over 3300%. Company U introduced a Vodite, VUGO, in Year 5 to initially target the Early Adopters segment in turn creating a strong foundation to penetrate the Followers segment through Year 10 with predicted long term sales growth of 17%. 2.1.1 Market DemographicsShow MoreRelatedMarketing Plan for Markstrat1631 Words   |  7 Pages* ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- Executive Summary * ------------------------------------------------- As the marketing team for AY, we have developed an effective marketing strategy that has led to our current lead in stock market price and overall revenues. Our current phased strategy of capturing three market segments with three distinct products will extend our market dominance and provide long term stability throughRead MoreProfessor of Business Administration and Professor of Marketing20751 Words   |  84 PagesPARTICIPANT HANDBOOK Jean-Claude Larrà ©chà © The Alfred H. Heineken Chaired Professor of Marketing INSEAD Hubert Gatignon The Claude Janssen Chaired Professor of Business Administration and Professor of Marketing INSEAD Rà ©mi Triolet Partner, Director of RD STRATX Copyright  © StratX 2010-04-19 1 Publisher: StratX Production: Coptech, Inc., Woburn, Massachusetts Marketing Team Americas: Marketing Team EMEAA: Development Team Support Team Paul Ritmo Andrà ©a Hernandez Stà ©phanieRead MoreMarkstrat19634 Words   |  79 PagesAlfred H. Heineken Chaired Professor of Marketing INSEAD Jean-Claude Larrà ©chà © The Claude Janssen Chaired Professor of Business Administration and Professor of Marketing INSEAD Hubert Gatignon Partner, Director of RD STRATX International Rà ©mi Triolet To search this document click CTRL+F i Publisher: STRATX International Production: Minute Man Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts Cover Design: Synergy Network, Waltham, Massachusetts Marketing Manager: Lucy Jacobus DevelopmentRead MoreMarket Attractiveness and Market Potential1820 Words   |  8 Pagessales Si as Si =I*MSi and I = f(P) Where P is the potential market, I is industry sales, MSI is the market share of firm i. The function f is a function of macro economic variables, and industry marketing mix variables. Clearly I or = P. MSI should be a function of marketing mix variables of all the firms. This is a top down approach and often we don’t know how to model f or MSI especially in early stages of the evolution of the market. But once we gain some experience in the industryRead MoreStrategic Marketing Markstrat5131 Words   |  21 PagesSTRATEGIC MARKETING Wednesday 29th, 1997 FIRM O Team Members Silak CHAMNIANWECH Djunyanto THRIYANA Gary WALSH Oming WIRASAKTI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Firm O has developed a portfolio of three products in the Sonite market over the course of the Markstrat competition. During the course of the competition, Firm O has lost significant market share and worked hard to rebuild a product portfolio that returns a substantial net contribution and places it in a position